Ventral Slot Surgery Dog Procedure
Back Surgery – Hemilaminectomy/Ventral Slot
Hemilaminectomy is a surgical procedure that we perform on a regular basis for canine patients at our hospital. It is useful for correcting slipped or herniated discs in the spine. If your dog is having difficulty walking or has pain or lameness, a compressed spine might be the culprit.
Sometimes anti-inflammatories or other joint medication can resolve the discomfort, but if limited mobility and discomfort persist, the condition can be further assessed for alternative treatment options.
When additional diagnostics are needed, a CAT scan can be performed to determine if surgery is needed. The imaging can pinpoint the exact location of the slip or herniation, which is followed by surgery on the affected area to remove the obstruction.
Once the disc material is removed, regular movement of the spine is restored after periods of rest, recovery, and rehabilitation.
- Ventral Slot This is the procedure employed when a disc is compressing a nerve root or an area of the cervical spinal cord. The procedure is done through an approach to the underside of the neck. This allows the surgeon to access the ventral or underside of the cervical vetebral bodies.
- This novel procedure is used to treat larger breed dogs with elbow dysplasia and diseases of the medial compartment before they develop severe arthritis of the elbow. The procedure will “unload” the diseased compartment and will allow less painful weight bearing and improved activity levels.
Recurrence of paraparesis or tetraparesis occurs in up to one-third of dogs after either ventral slot or metal implant and bone cement fixation, mainly with distraction-stabilization techniques.1 It usually occurs between six months and four years after the original surgery, with a mean recurrence of around two years.16,37 A meta-analyis of.
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Cervical Ventral Slot Recovery in Dogs. The dog should be monitored very closely in the days following the surgery. A catheter may be needed to relieve the ..Send toivdd recovery post ventral slot surgery dogs surgery
The ventral slot surgery dogs Disc: Anatomy and PathologyCervical Ventral Slot - Arkansas Veterinary Surgery CenterAcute adverse events associated with ventral slot decompression in ..
Ventral slot - an overview ScienceDirect TopicsPostoperative Care:Animals: Dogs (n = 17) with single static intervertebral disc disease. Methods: On ... ventral slot surgery dogs vical Spinal Cord Compression after Ventral Slot Surgery in 17 Dogs with Static Cervical ... ferential in future cases in which neurologic recovery after.
What is Cervical Ventral Slot?
When a dog experiences a slipped, ruptured, or herniated disc, damage from the displaced disc can result in injury to the spinal cord. This causes the hind legs to be weakened, sometimes to the point of paralysis. The disc compresses the root of the nerve, which is excruciatingly painful for the animal. Instances of lameness may be ongoing or may occur seemingly out of nowhere.
The deterioration of a disc can be the result of genetic issues or can develop from the regular aging process. To treat this issue, often surgery is needed to remove all damaged materials causing the pain. This procedure is called a cervical ventral slot surgery. In this operation, the spinal cord is drilled open and the deteriorated disc is taken out. This surgery may be paired with other treatments or procedures. It should only be performed by an ACVS board-certified veterinary surgeon.
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Cervical ventral slot procedure at Arkansas Veterinary Surgery Center Unfortunately for dogs, disc disease is quite a common problem – especially in smaller ..Ventral SlotEffect of Ventral Slot Procedure on Spinal Cord Compression in .. MiscellaneousMenuventral slot surgery recoveryhemilaminectomy The Disc: Treating Back and Neck Disc Disease - Veterinary Surgical Centers. .. The chance of your pet recovering from a ruptured disc depends on overall .. or MRI, a ventral cervical slot procedure allows access to the spinal cord and ..
Pathophysiology
IVD DEGENERATION
Biochemically, the IVD consists of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and both collagenous and noncollagenous proteins. In the immature dog, the composition of the nucleus pulposus is higher in proteoglycans and glycoproteins while the anulus fibrosus has a higher collagen content ( 7,68 ) (Figs. 62-2 through 62-4 ).
| FIG-62-2 Mesenchymal tissue taken from the lumbar area of a canine fetus 30 days postfertilization At this stage, the notochord chord is present and intact. The spinal cord is developing at the top The notochord, at the site of the nucleus pulposus, is looped over The notochord cells are no longer dividing at this stage but are capable of producing matrix. Segments of the vertebral bodies, the nuclei pulposi, and the anuli fibrosi are identified. (Courtesy of Dr. w. H. Riser) |
| FIG. 62-3 Lumbar spine of a 35-day fetus, 5 days after Figure 62-2. The cavity of the nucleus pulposus is formed. The notochord has disappeared, the anulus fibrosus is more prominent, and the mesenchymal cells of the vertebral bodies have hypertrophied. (Courtesy of Dr. W. H. Riser) |
| FIG. 62-4 Lumbar spine of a l-week-old Great Dane. The vertebral epiphyses are composed Of cartilage, but ossification is beginning. Primary bony trabeculae have been formed, and blood vessels are present where they entered from the periphery of the midvertebral area. The structural components of the IVD, the anulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus cartilage lining of the nucleus pulposus cavity, and the notochord remnant cells are all well defined. (Courtesy of Dr. W. H. Riser) |
| FIG. 62-6 IVD and lumbar spine of a 12-year-old German shepherd. The nuclear chondroid material has ruptured the anulus fibers and migrated dorsally into the spinal canal and ventrally, causing the formation of spondolysis and osteophyte budging of the adjoining vertebral bodies. (Courtesy of Dr. W. H. Riser) |
IVD PROTRUSION
Degenerative changes in the IVD begin at the periphery of the nucleus, proceed centrally, and are usually accompanied by degeneration of the anulus. As the dorsal anulus degenerates, the nucleus pulposus follows a path of least resistance and begins to protrude dorsally ( 23,28 ) ( Fig. 62-7 ). Other pathways of IVD protrusion (lateral, ventral) occur but may be less significant. ( 68 )
| FIG. 62-7 Lumbar spine of a 4-year-old dachshund with hindlimb paresis in which the IVD is chondrometaplastic. Chondroid material is present in the spinal canal, causing injury to the spinal cord. The material has also migrated ventrally, causing spondolysis and osteophyte formation. (Courtesy of Dr. W. H. Riser) |
| FIG. 62-8 Hansen type I and type 2 IVD protrusions. (Redrawn after Shores A: Intervertebral disk syndrome in the dog: Part 1. Pathophysiology and management. The Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 3:639-647, 1981) |
The surgical approach for removal of a herniated disc depends upon the location of the disc material within the spinal capp. A ventral slot procedure is the most common surgical procedure for disc herniation in the cervical spine. .. When indicated surgical success with a ventral ..Procedures & Techniques Coeur Dalene Casino Restaurant 6 May 2017 .. A ventral slot is a ventral surgical approach to the spinal capp through the vertebral body and disk. This technique is most commonly used to ..
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History
Acute adverse events associated with ventral slot decompression in 546 dogs with cervical intervertebral disc disease.
Rossmeisl JH Jr 1, White C , Pancotto TE , Bays A , Henao-Guerrero PN .Author information
1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To report the frequency, types, and risk factors for acute perioperative adverse events (AEs) in dogs that had ventral slot decompression (VSD) for cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD).
DESIGN:
Retrospective, case-control study.
ANIMALS:
Dogs (n = 546) with cervical IVDD treated by VSD; 54 cases experiencing AE and 492 controls.
METHODS:
Historical, clinical, diagnostic, operative, and outcome data were collected. AE were graded using a Spine Adverse Events Severity (SAVES) system. Associations between the development of AE and hypothesized risk factors were analyzed using bi- and multi-variable analyses.
RESULTS:
CONCLUSIONS:
AE occurred in 9.9% of dogs that had VSD, and were significantly associated with perioperative hypotension, C7-T1 disc extrusions, surgeon experience, and NSAID usage. Identification of a major postoperative AE is an indication for immediate diagnostic imaging studies, as 50% of dogs experiencing major AE required reoperation.
PMID: 23980621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2013.12039.x [Indexed for MEDLINE] SharePublication type, MeSH terms
Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Cervical Vertebrae/surgery
- Decompression, Surgical/adverse effects
- Decompression, Surgical/veterinary*
- Dog Diseases/surgery*
- Dogs
- Female
- Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery
- Intervertebral Disc Displacement/veterinary*
- Male
- Postoperative Complications/veterinary*
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Treatment Outcome
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Cervical Ventral Slot Prevention in Dogs
Dog breeds that carry a genetic deformity of the legs that causes them to be angled and shorter in height (called chondrodystrophy) experience disc deterioration much earlier than other breeds. Obtain the dog's family health history when purchasing the animal. Watch its movement closely during the first year to spot the first signs of disc herniation. Do not breed dogs that present with early intervertebral disc disease.
For aged dogs, preventing certain movements can help a weakened disc to heal. Keep the dog from jumping up onto furniture or other objects. Do not allow the dog to go up or down stairs if possible. Regular exercise that is not excessive has also been proven to help keep a dog's spine healthy. Dogs who are of appropriate weight experience less disc problems than overweight ones. Provide a high-quality and healthy diet for your animal.
Ventral Slot Surgery Dog Procedures
Thank you Dr McDonnell, Dr Harris and Dr Langford! Sam is pain free and doing sooooo well!Sam is my 5 year old Chinese Crested dog... I adopted Sam about 2 years ago. He has always been such an awesome, high energy, active guy.... super agile, a big runner, jumper, sort of a crazy wildman! Sam is sweet to his family, but he hates the neighbors... he bites the chain link fence thinking he can get at them....but that biting of the fence, wild jumping, etc probably caused his issue.Recently, Sam had neck issues... his back was hunched up, he was crying constantly in pain, he would not eat and would not rest because the pain was so bad. It was horrible to see this high energy, healthy dog in agonizing pain.We visited his doc a few times - Dr Langford at Three Notch Veterinary Hospital, and he knew what the problem was right away. He was sure it was a cervical disc issue. We tried controlling his pain with meds, but it did not go any good....Dr Langford referred us to Veterinary Neurology of the Chesapeake, where we met Dr Harris and Dr McDonnell.We tried a few other meds, but it was recommended that Sam have an MRI to see what is causing all this pain....so we scheduled the MRI, and sure enough, it was a disc rupture between C3 and C4. Dr Harris said that Sam's condition would improve with surgery....so he stayed the night at the hospital and Dr McDonnell performed surgery the following afternoon.Veterinary Neurology of the Chesapeake has an awesome staff working around the clock. I was updated constantly about Sam's condition as he started his recovery.... Ryan, Dr McDonnell's vet tech, was such a great communicator who really helped me stay positive through the whole ordeal.By Sunday, Sam was ready to come home. He is on confined rest for the next 6-8 weeks. Too much movement can cause scar tissue to form and that would be terrible...so, Sam is crated (this is new to him) and only taken out to go potty.You will see the drastic change in this video from day 2, post surgery, to day 5.... He can shake his whole body, stretch, walk straight with a little skip to his step, etc.... in 5 days, post surgery, Sam is doing awesome!Thank you Dr McDonnell, Dr Harris and Dr Langford!
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Ventral Slot num Bulldog Françês com hérnia cervical. Imagens do TAC pré-cirúrgico, pós-cirúrgico e video do animal durante o recobro.
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Cervical IVD Syndrome
FIG. 62-10 Severe pain and muscle spasms associated with a cervical IVD protrusion . (Courtesy of Dr. G. Lantz) FIG. 62-11 An IVD protrusion at C4-5, demonstrating a narrowed IVD space and an opacified density within the spinal canal.
FIG. 62-13 Ventral cervical IVD fenestration.(A) Curved Kelly forceps are used to dissect and retract the longus colli muscle over the ventral anulus and a No. 11 scalpel blade is used to cut a window in the ventral annulus. (B) The nucleus pulposus is removed using a 3-0 or 4-0 bone curette. FIG. 62-14 Ventral cervical slot A surgical drill is used to perform a ventral cervical decompression. The slot is one half the ventral vertebral body width and one third the length of each bordering vertebra. (A, IVD anulus; B. Spinal cord) (Redrawn alter Shores A: Intervertebral disk syndrome in the dog: Part 11 Cervical disk surgery The Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing veterinarian 3, No. 9:805-813, 1981)FIG. 62-15 Hemilaminectomy of cervical vertebrae C3-5. A small shelf of the laminae above the ventral border of the spinal cord is preserved. (A, dorsal laminae; B. caudal articular process of C3; C, vertebral vessels; D, spinal nerve root)FIG. 62-12 A cervical myelogram demonstrating compression of the spinal cord by an IVD protrusion at C3-4. Pet Rehab Is Going Mainstream Journal list menuThe Disc: Treating Back and Neck Disc Disease - Veterinary Surgical Centers. .. The chance of your pet recovering from a ruptured disc depends on overall .. or MRI, a ventral cervical slot procedure allows access to the spinal cord and .. Reggie's IVDD 'ventral slot' surgery's recovery on the first day at ..Comparison of recovery times and complication rates between a ..